Similar to Alphabet’s Google, Meta’s Facebook, and Amazon’s marketplace, the six companies are developing large language models (LLMs) and other AI technology in closed, black-box systems. They have absorbed massive amounts of data from internet users and created complex codebases that are not transparent to anyone else. Together, they control all aspects of the AI industry: storage (Amazon Web Services), computation chips (Nvidia), AI models (Microsoft and Open AI), data (Alphabet and Meta), and devices for AI services (Apple). While they may compete with each other, they operate as a vertically integrated oligopoly. Due to the significant influence their technology has on people’s lives, they can be seen as an oligarchy. The secrecy surrounding their use of power is reminiscent of oligarchical dictatorships.
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